Black Murex or Branched Murex (Melanine Variety)
Phylum: Mollusca; Class: Gastropoda; Order: Neogastropoda; Family: Muricidae; Genus: Hexaplex; Species: H. nigritus · Muricidae (Murex or Rock Snail family) · Gastropod (snail); spiral/globose shape with prominent varices and spines.
Species
Hexaplex nigritus
Shell Type
Gastropod (snail); spiral/globose shape with prominent varices and spines.
Family
Muricidae (Murex or Rock Snail family)
Size
Approximately 3-4 inches in length. This is an average-sized specimen for a species that can grow up to 6 inches.
Color & Pattern
Uniformly dark brown to charcoal black exterior, likely stained by mineral deposits or peat (subfossil appearance). Some white calcification and lighter brown patches are visible near the apex. The interior aperture is typically white but hidden in this view.
Rarity
Common; frequently found by divers and sometimes washed up after storms, though dark black specimens in good condition are desirable.
Habitat
Subtidal marine environments; typically found on sandy or rocky bottoms and mud flats at depths of 10 to 60 meters.
Geographic Range
Commonly found in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) and along the Pacific coast of Mexico.
Description
A robust, heavy gastropod shell featuring a globose body whorl with several longitudinal varices. Each varix is adorned with numerous short, branched (foliated) spines that give the shell a rugged, 'rocky' appearance. The spire is moderately low, and the shell displays a thick, sturdy structure designed to withstand high-energy environments.
Key Features
Distinguished by its multiple rows of branched spines (foliations) and its distinctively dark coloration. The siphonal canal is typically short and slightly curved.
Collector Value
Modest; typically valued between $5-$20 depending on size and spine integrity. Its dark color makes it a striking display piece for a collection.
Condition Notes
Fair to Good. There is significant blunting and erosion on the spines and apex, likely from water tumbling or age. The dark coloration suggests it may have been buried in oxygen-poor sediment for a period of time.
Interesting Facts
Murex snails are predatory carnivores that use their radula to drill holes into the shells of bivalves or other snails. In ancient times, related Murex species were harvested to produce 'Tyrian Purple' dye, though the Black Murex is primarily valued for its unique aesthetics.
Ecological Role
Apex predator of the bivalve community. They play a vital role in controlling the population of clams and oysters in their native ecosystems.
Similar Species
Hexaplex erythrostomus (Pink-Mouthed Murex) which has pinker internal coloration and usually lighter external color, and Hexaplex regius (Regal Murex).
Beach Finding Tips
Best found by snorkeling or diving in shallow sandy bays. Beachcombers should look for them after heavy winter storms along the Baja Peninsula.